Diabetes can damage nerves and reduce blood flow to the feet, making injuries hard to feel and slow to heal. About 15–34% of people with diabetes develop foot ulcers, many leading to infection or amputation, but up to 75% are preventable with proper care.
Daily foot checks, proper hygiene (lukewarm wash, dry thoroughly, moisturize except between toes), careful nail trimming, and avoiding self-treatment of calluses are essential. Wearing well-fitting shoes and seamless, non-restrictive socks significantly reduces risk. Seek medical care for wounds, redness, swelling, pain, or new loss of sensation.
Good blood sugar control, smoking cessation, safe exercise, and regular medical checkups remain the foundation of prevention.
References
WHO (2025); NIDDK (2025); CDC (2025); ADA Standards of Care (2025); IWGDF Guidelines (2023); Armstrong et al., NEJM (2017)
